2020年高考英语试卷（北京）（机考无听力）（解析卷）

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷)英语本试卷共12页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food.He says food 1(play)a big role in his life."My mum was a great cook,and she'd sometimes let me have a try,"he said.The first dish Oliverprepared for his family was fried chicken wings.He made it with his mum's help.Oliver says ifyou're_2(luck)enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,askthem_3you can join in when it's possible.【答案】1.plays/has played/.is playing/has been playing2.lucky 3.if/whether【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。【1题详解】考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing.【2题详解】考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有b动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填ucky。【3题详解】考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。_一you can join in when it''spossible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否"的意思，故填if/whether。.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出第-1-页1共26页提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they_4(throw)away.It takesthem hundreds ofyears_5(break)down.Many of these bags end up in the ocean where largerones can trop sea creatures,such as turtles and dolphins.Over time,the bags fallapart6countless tiny pieces,and fish can accidentally eat some of them.Now,lotsof 7 (country)and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people usingthem【答案】4.are thrown5.to break6.into/to 7.countries【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一次性塑料袋的危害，应禁止使用。【4题详解】考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they(Single-useplasticbags)和谓语动词thow之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。【5题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb.sth.+一段时间+todosth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事)，此处用动词不定式(todo)作真正主语，t形式主语。故填to break。【6题详解】考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配falapartinto/to.…(分崩离析成…)，介词linto/to可表“进入…之中/变成…”。故填into/to。【7题详解】考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。【点睛】第-2-页1共26页C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A piece of stone8(find)on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives,known as Neanderthals,were cleverer than previously thought.TheNeanderthals 9(live)alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years,before dying out about 40,000 years ago.They were much stronger than modern humans,but it'slong been assumed that human ancestors were10(smart)than the Neanderthals.However,the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.【答案】&.found9.lived/had lived/had been living10.smarter【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明己经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们己经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。【9题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语otensofthousandsofyars。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态：又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。.【10题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。